The Universe as a Four Dimensional Shock Wave
- By Marco Pereira
- Published 04/20/2008
Marco Pereira
My background is scientific with a BSEE(ITA), MSc in Nuclear Physics (ITA), PhD in Physical Chemistry (UPENN), Post-Doc (U of Rochester), MBA (NYU). I was a professor of Molecular Biophysics at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in NYC. Currently working in Quantitative Finance in Wall Street.

Universe as a Four Dimensional Shock Wave
Many people might have a knee-jerk reaction to the premises of the HyperGeometrical Universe Theory of Everything (HU for simplicity)...
There are undoubtedly new ideas which are tough to digest. We are all used to think the same thoughts and new concepts are supposed to receive higher scrutiny. I will try to clarify some of the most likely contentious points of the theory:
- The first that comes to mind is the iconoclastic idea that we are traveling at the speed of light from the focal point of a four-dimensional space (or five dimensional spacetime) Big Bang.
The Big Bang has been proposed to be the result of a four-dimensional Big Bang in the past but in a different manner. Li and Wesson proposed this in his paper "The Big Bang as a higher-dimensional shock wave" that the aBig Bang occurred in a four dimensional spatial manifold and that the energy of that explosion crossed our 3D manifold in a way similar to a 3D explosion would interact with a 2D (pagelike) Universe. Of course, this is different from saying that our 3D Universe is the actual shockwave and leaves unanswered questions on why would we stay in this pagelike universe and not be trusted into the higher dimensional manifold. Other questions are what is out there? If it is mass, why we don't have to consider it in the dynamics calculations of Galaxies etc..The crossing of the shock-wave creates what I consider an unpalatable anisotropy. Just a matter of taste.
In my theory, the shock wave creates not a flat Universe curved by its mass, but a 3-D hypershell expanding at the speed of light. It is difficult to be precise when speaking about curvature along a dimension we are not used to think about. I will only mention that there might be differences when I speak of curvature and when Relativity speaks of curvature. The other point is that the 3-D shell is defined based on the figure above, that is, X, Y and Z are perfect circles. As we travel around the Universe, we are always in the hyperspherical shock wave and if it were possible to propel oneself at speeds higher than the speed of light we would be able to go around the Universe. In fact, we would be able to get out of the Universe into the Void.
One might ask why the speed of light? The answer is simple and based on the following points:
- Black Holes are considered to be very curved spacetime created by accretion of mass.
- If we fall in a Black Hole we will be one with it, thus we will be a deformation of spacetime.
- If item 2 is correct, we should be a deformation of spacetime since the beginning.
- Light is due to alternate motion of matter (electrons), thus it should be a propagating deformation of spacetime.
- Light propagates at the speed of light.
- We are a non-constrained deformation of spacetime and thus we also should propagate at the speed of light.
- If we think we are not traveling at the speed of light, that should mean that we are traveling perpendicularly to the directions we are able to see, thus we should be traveling perpendicular to our 3-D Universe.
- The fact that we don't see anything from outside this Universe means that there shouldn't be any dilator (generator of spacetime oscillations) outside our 3-D shell.
- The topology should be hyperspherical or whatever one would call this 4-dimensional object I proposed in my papers...:)
- The space is naturally curved and has a radius of curvature equal to the dimensional age of the Universe (c * the age of the Universe).
It is important to notice that prior 4-Dimensional proposals of Big Bang as a Higher Dimensional Shock Wave missed the possibility that the Universe itself would be the shock wave.
