This chapter outlines the main framework of a model for TOE Called Universal Theory. It utilizes astrophysics, quantum mechanics and mind behavior to offer a model for theory of everything. You may find the whole paper on the website at www.universaltheory.org.

This is a work in progress. Your input to address the flaws is very much needed. We are currently writing the lagrange formula for the concepts presented. In that, we need a mathematician who is familiar with theoretical physics to assist us in establishing the mathematical base for them. Please send me an email or leave your input in message board.

Singularity

-- A Separate Entity --

"We must try to understand the beginning of the universe on the basis of science. It may be a task beyond our power, but we should at least make the attempt" Steven Hawking (6- p79)

So far, the efforts of the scientific community have been confined to reveal the secrets of our material world; we have progressed so far. At the dawn of the 21st century, every day a new and amazing discovery is brought forward. Each discovery though, presents to us even more puzzles and questions. In physics, the dilemma between General relativity and quantum mechanics has attracted much of the effort and research of physicists throughout the world. Through their endless efforts, the picture of our world, is becoming more and more understandable and interesting. In this spirit, I would like to submit the following concepts for scientists to review and examine. If it is proved to be, based on sound principles, it can shed light onto many unsolved dilemmas, which are facing us today. And if it does not, still we can take it as food for thought.

Revisiting Singularity

The idea of introducing a fabric for wholeness of the world is nothing new. The scientific findings provide numerous evidences, which support common sense, and every day experience that the world is an interconnected and closed system. Other attempts have been tried which was not completely successful and could not get popularity. Even David Bohem tried to present his Implicate Order as a model, but unfortunately, he could not finish his Unbroken Wholeness Theory before he died. 

This is another attempt to present a model for the wholeness of the world. This model is based on redefining the singularity and use it as the background for space-time universe. Singularity is the zero size ultra dense mass which according to Big bang theory our universe originated from it.

Singularity was brought to our attention after Albert Einstein presented his Einstein Field Equation on November 18th 1915. Einstein himself was trying to deny it, for the rest of his life. In 1939, he tried to show that "Schwarchild singularities do not exist in physical reality" (Reference 4-p 9). Then it was taken as the nucleous for big bang explosion in Big Bang theory.

Since then in physics, singularity has been labeled as a 'Catastrophe', 'problematic', 'non-real', and 'non -physical'. However singularity clearly present itself in every physical or astrophysical theory, as well as quantum mechanics, and all mathematical equations related to these theories.

As, mentioned above, several attempts where made to bypass singularities such as Super Symmetry, Super Gravity, Super String theories. They were primarily, developed to remove singularities and infinities from matter and fields.

Physicists have been trying to ignore it for almost a century;

"We knew that there were significant aspects that we would need to work out before we could establish that our second half of the story did not introduce any singularities- that is pernicious and physically unacceptable consequences." Brian Green (1- page 327)

But others such as John Earman see it otherwise:

"(This book is) written in the faith that, if adequately revealed, the problem of space-time singularities will not remain the orphan of the philosophy of science and that if adopted as a rightful child, it will enrich not only the philosophy of space and time, but other members of the family as well" (Reference 4-p.227)

To present an alternative view for singularity, I would like to refer to Einstein's remarks as the gateway for new definition:

"If we imagine the gravitational field... to be removed, there does not remain a space of type (1) {Minkowski space-time}, but absolutely nothing, and also no topological space. ... There is no such thing as space without field. Space- time does not claim an existence of its own, but only as a structural quality of the field." (Einstein 1961)

John Earman argues that "Einstein is surely right that, whatever the technical details of the definition of space- time singularities, it should follow that physical laws, in so far as they presuppose space and time, are violated or, perhaps more accurately, do not make sense at singularities. This is a good reason for holding that singularities are not part of space time." (Reference 4-p.19)

According to the above, we should forget about space-time as an adjective for singularity,rather we have to consider singularity as separate entity. From here on in, I also intend to refer to it, as a singular noun, not plural.

Space-time universe started and evolved from a zero size point called singularity

If we suppose that singularity is not part of space-time, we expose ourselves to a new definition for reality. Let us imagine a singularity as a separate entity out of our space-time universe.

Mathematical discontinuity represents holes in the fields. Dividing a real number by zero creates discontinuity in math domain. This same problem renders itself in General theory of relativity. This gives the astronomers the sense that there should be holes in space-time.

I certainly do not intend to offer you a series of assumptions with no objectivity and practical proof. Underneath, I will introduce logical basis for above definition for singularity.

At first glance, one can ask, if our physical knowledge is derived from laws of space-time, how can we define and explain an entity which is out of this physical universe? With this belief, singularity looks abstract. Steven Weinberg questions "How can we get the ideas we need to formulate a truly fundamental theory, when this theory is meant to describe a realm where all intuitions derived from life in space-time become inapplicable?" 49

But we are also facing quantum behavior, which is far from understanding by our conventional logic and knowledge. At this time nature and origin of Mind are also obscure and may be can never be explained by our conventional understanding.

On the other hand, one may also denote, anything out of boundaries of our universe is so remote that it cannot have anything to do with our lives or our universe. Why should we bother spending time on it at all?

At least in one theory (Loop Quantum Theory) the boundaries of universe is believed to exists in every miniscule of space. The theory states that space is not a continuum; rather it has a fabric-like texture.

According to above we are exposed to out of space in every miniscule of space-time. Also in this paper, I hope, I can show that the singularity is involved in every basic activity in space-time.

Another reason that physics avoid the concept of a being out of the space-time universe is because it is considered incomprehensible and out of reach. I believe if we look closer, we come to realize that some characteristics of singularity are within our grasp. To further define singularity, let us discuss the different properties, which we can or cannot relate to it. Specifically I am going to mention six characteristics that we can attribute to singularity.