Other

There are many extensions of the Aether Physics Model presented in Secrets of the Aether. Below is a sampling of the concepts developed. We also develop nuclear and electron binding force equations, a truly quantized photon, pair production, beta decay, eddy current, nuclear structure, Zero Point Energy, the quantification of why gross matter takes the forms it does, a possible quantification for the values of the proton and electron masses, consciousness, the science of complexity (closely related to taxonomy), and many other topics.

Quantification of Neutron

The neutron quantifies as a bound electron and proton. The Aether folds such that the electron and proton share the same spin position relative to each other.

A cavity forms between the proton and electron that encapsulates dark matter existing between Aether units. This encapsulated dark matter becomes the neutrino. The cavity that the anti-neutrino confines to is electromagnetic in nature, due to the strong charge of the electron and proton binding. Therefore, the cavity must follow the spin position and geometry rules of strong charge, which, like all quantum geometry, describes in terms of unit radii.

The geometry of the neutrino must be toroidal (4Ï€²) if it exists within the Aether structure. Moreover, since the anti-neutrino couples to the electron it exists between half of the electron and proton Aether units minus half-spin In addition, since the anti-neutrino exists between proton and electron strong charge binding, it must have steradian angle. This gives the anti-neutrino angular momentum, in terms of coupled electron angular momentum, as:

                  11.1

Simplified, we get:

                  11.2

Equation 11.2 reflects the observed behavior of the neutrino when it releases during beta decay. In the SM this neutrino labels as "anti-neutrino". However, the neutrino must share the same spin direction as the proton and electron, so we would correctly label it a neutrino. The anti-neutrino would exist between a bound positron and anti-proton.

Because the beta decay is due to the "weak interaction", the neutrino can violate conservation of parity. To understand this, we observe that spin from electrostatic binding is due to two onta and therefore mirrors. Spin from strong charge binding is due to two onta and mirrors. However, the spin due to the neutrino in a decay process involves only the neutrino and therefore there is only one spin parity. We also observe in equation 11.2 that 8Ï€ is the weak interaction constant.

Neutron Magnetic Moment

Magnetic moment is a unit that measures the influence of the Aether's electrostatic charge against the strong charge of the onn. The magnetic moment of the electron as defined by NIST^[i] in SI units is:

                   11.3

The NIST value of electron magnetic moment expresses in terms of quantum measurements as:

             11.4

where g_e the is the electron g-factor as measured in the Lamb Shift. In the electron unit of magnetic moment, the strong charge cancels out, since the electrons are acting on electrons. Nevertheless, the strong charge terms belong in the equation in order to show that electrons are acting against other onta in the other measured magnetic moment values.

The g-factor is an essential value related to the magnetic moment of the onta, as it corrects for the precession of the onn. The NIST value⁵⁰ for the proton magnetic moment in SI units is:

                   11.5

The NIST value of proton magnetic moment expresses in terms of quantum measurements as:

                   11.6

where the proton g-factor (g_p) is 5.58569 as listed on NIST. The NIST value⁵⁰ for the neutron magnetic moment notates in SI units as:

                   11.7

and can be expressed in quantum measurements as:

                   11.8

where g_n-nist, the g-factor of the neutron, is -3.82608545 as defined by NIST⁵⁰. Notice that the equation balances by use of the strong charge of the proton instead of the neutron. This is highly unlikely. It appears that the magnetic moment data for the neutron was misread, or the value for neutron g-factor was simply miscalculated. That the neutron magnetic moment depends on the proton strong charge, and hence on the proton mass, seems impossible.

The above analysis also shows rather conclusively that all charge should distribute, including the elementary charge. Based on Charles Coulomb's observation that all charge must distribute in order for the force laws to work, and for consistency with the Aether Physics Model, we transpose the magnetic moment electrostatic charge dimensions. The electron magnetic moment in the APM system is:

                   11.9

The proton magnetic moment in the APM system is:

                   11.10

And based on the NIST values for the neutron magnetic moment in the Standard Model, the neutron magnetic moment would be:

                   11.11

However, it is highly unlikely that nature has given a magnetic moment to the neutron, due to the strong charge of the proton. So assuming the accuracy of the magnetic moment, correcting the quantum measurements changes the g-factor for the neutron:

                  11.12

The g-factor for the neutron must be if the measurement is accurate. This compares to the NIST neutron g-factor of -3.826085.

From the expressions of magnetic moment in the Aether Physics Model, it appears that magnetic moment physically manifests by the interaction of the electrostatic and electromagnetic charges within each onn. It is further apparent that the electron plays a key role in causing magnetic moment for each of the onta.

g-factors

In figure 8, triangle side b is a unit length, equal to the radius of the sphere on which the cardioid path rests. As can be seen, side a is half the unit length and side c is the hypotenuse of right triangle .is a special form of right triangle where side b is twice side a, which we can call a Phi triangle (it is not a Golden triangle).

       11.13

and

                   11.14

where Phi is the golden ratio and phi is its inverse. This is easily proved by substituting the Pythagorean expression for c and a in terms of unit length b:

                   11.15

Since b = 1, we get:

                   11.16

                   11.17

The value for phi similarly reduces to:

                   11.18

Since subatomic particles are their angular momentum, the g-factor is equal to the spiraling LC (ligamen circulatus) spinning through the Aether unit and quantifies as:

                   11.19

And the proton g-factor quantifies as:

                   11.20

As shown in the quantification of the neutron, it is a composite particle consisting of an electron bound to a proton. A possible solution for the neutron g-factor is:

         11.21

This is in agreement with SM measurements and observations.^[ii] Note, however, that the APM calculated electron and proton g-factors only agree with presently established electron and proton g-factors to the thousandths, while the established values presume accurate to a much greater magnitude. In addition, the SM quantifies the electron g-factor with a negative value, supposedly attributed to the negative charge of the electron. However, the neutron g-factor also has a negative value. Could the same logic apply to both the electron and neutron, when the neutron has neutral charge? The logic does not support a negative electron g-factor. For this reason, the electron g-factor has a positive value in the APM.

Conclusion

The Aether Physics Model is mathematically viable and bases on the same empirical data as the Standard Model. Although we present only a small portion of the APM here, there is a sufficient case for the scientific community to take a closer look and to verify or disprove the theory. The promise of a Unified Force Theory is motivation enough, but the model also proposes to answer many more unanswered questions about the nature of the Universe from the quantum level through the cosmic level.

The APM has the potential to unite all of science into one extensive theory, thus providing a true Theory of Everything. No other theory has ever come close to matching the scope and promise of the Aether Physics Model.

We would like to extend special thanks to Phil Risby, PhD, for mentoring us through the editing of this paper.